Which theory may be better adapted to implicit integration according to Tan?

• A. Humanistic
• B. Behavioral
• C. Psychodynamic
• D. Cognitive

Answer: (C)

Implicit integration hinges on bringing material that operates below conscious awareness into the person’s awareness and sense of self. The psychodynamic approach is best suited for this because it centers on unconscious processes, early relational patterns, and defense mechanisms that shape behavior without deliberate intent. Therapists explore these inner dynamics—through things like dream interpretation, free association, and examining transference—to uncover hidden meanings and unresolved conflicts. By bringing these implicit contents into conscious awareness and linking them to current experiences, clients can integrate previously nonconscious experiences into their self-understanding and behavior.

While other theories contribute in valuable ways—humanistic approaches highlight conscious experience and growth, behavioral approaches focus on observable actions and learned responses, and cognitive approaches address beliefs and thinking patterns—none place unconscious material at the heart of change as directly as psychodynamic theory. This alignment with unconscious processes is why, in Tan’s view, it may be better adapted to implicit integration.