Which statement best describes the DSM-5 classification system according to Switzer and Rubin?

• A. Theory neutral
• B. Based on a single theory
• C. Norm-referenced
• D. Based on projective tests

Answer: (A)

The idea being tested is that DSM-5 is theory-neutral. Switzer and Rubin describe it as an atheoretical, descriptive system that classifies disorders using explicit criteria and the level of impairment, rather than tying diagnoses to any one psychological or biological theory. This design aims to maximize reliability and clarity for clinicians across different orientations and settings, so professionals can communicate consistently. It isn’t built on a single theory, and it doesn’t rely on projective tests; diagnoses come from standardized criteria grounded in empirical evidence and clinical consensus, not from comparing someone to a normative score or framework. That combination—the emphasis on observable criteria and impairment without committing to a specific theory—is why theory-neutral best describes the DSM-5.