Which of the following factors were listed as contributing to suicide risk?

• A. Depression
• B. PTSD
• C. Bipolar disorder
• D. All of the above

Answer: (D)

Suicide risk is influenced by multiple psychiatric factors, not just one. Depression brings persistent hopelessness, worthlessness, and pervasive despair that can push someone toward considering ending their life. PTSD adds chronic distress through hyperarousal, intrusive memories, nightmares, and emotional numbing, all of which increase suffering and sometimes impulsive actions. Bipolar disorder involves mood swings between depressive and manic/hypomanic states; the depressive episodes raise risk, and impulsivity during mood shifts can contribute to acting on suicidal thoughts. When these conditions are present, their effects on distress, impairment, and coping difficulties can compound, raising the overall risk. So, these factors together contribute to suicide risk.