Which ethic focuses on the counselor's character, as suggested by Tan?

• A. Virtue ethics
• B. Utilitarian ethics
• C. Deontological ethics
• D. Egoism

Answer: (A)

The main idea being tested is virtue ethics, which emphasizes the counselor’s character. Virtue ethics focuses on shaping and cultivating moral character and traits—such as honesty, empathy, integrity, humility, and compassion—that underlie how a counselor acts with clients and responds to ethical challenges. When Tan highlights ethical practice as a reflection of who the counselor is, he points to virtue ethics, where the emphasis is on the dispositions and practical wisdom a counselor brings to professional situations.

This approach stands in contrast to other ethical theories. Utilitarian ethics centers on outcomes and the greatest good, rather than who the counselor is. Deontological ethics focuses on duties and rules that must be followed, regardless of personal character. Egoism concentrates on the counselor’s own self-interest. Therefore, virtue ethics best fits the idea that ethical practice flows from a well-developed, virtuous character.