Which closing approach is most appropriate for ending a session?

• A. Offer realistic assurances and plan for follow-up
• B. Provide unconditional optimism
• C. Avoid discussing progress
• D. Guarantee outcomes

Answer: (A)

Ending a session effectively focuses on realistic closure and a clear plan for what comes next. Offering realistic assurances validates the client’s efforts and any progress while acknowledging ongoing challenges, which keeps hope grounded in what’s actually possible. This approach also supports continuity by outlining concrete next steps, so the client knows there is a path forward and what to do between sessions.

Planning follow-up—such as scheduling the next appointment, clarifying goals for the next session, and assigning brief between-session tasks—helps maintain momentum, provides accountability, and reduces ambiguity. It makes the work feel tangible and collaborative, which strengthens the therapeutic alliance.

Unconditional optimism can mislead by minimizing real issues; avoiding discussion of progress misses opportunities to reinforce gains and motivate the client; and promising guaranteed outcomes is unethical and unrealistic because therapy results depend on many factors beyond anyone’s control.