According to Tan, ______ integration is a more subtle approach to counseling than ______ integration which actively uses prayer and scripture during a session based on client consent.

• A. Explicit, Implicit
• B. Implicit, Explicit
• C. Integrated, Holistic
• D. Internal, External

Answer: (B)

Spirituality can be brought into counseling in different ways, depending on how overt the approach is. An implicit integration is the more subtle path because it shapes the therapist’s stance and interpretation through the client’s worldview without introducing explicit religious practices in the session. The counselor may consider spiritual themes and values in understanding the client’s issues, but does not actively invite prayer or scripture during therapy unless the client initiates it. By contrast, explicit integration is intentionally structured to include religious content, such as prayer or scripture, in the session with the client’s informed consent. Since it directly incorporates religious practices, explicit integration is more directive and observable in therapy.